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In order to compare the standards for quinolone residues in animal-derived food in China and supervision among multiple regulatory sectors， we summarized and compared the current standards for the limits of quinolone residues in animal-derived food in China and sampling examination strategy among regulatory sectors. There were defects in the standard limits of lomefloxacin， pefloxacin， ofloxacin， and norfloxacin which have been banned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. In addition， the determination limits of those indexes in the supervision remain inconsistent across multiple regulatory sectors. Multiple regulatory sectors on food safety should perform further risk assessment on the above problems and formulate the standards for the limits of quinolone residues in animal-derived food that may be applicable in China.
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In order to strictly control and prevent the risk of the coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） transmission through imported cold-chain foods， Shanghai has implemented many multiple countermeasures， including “Three PointsIntermediate Sites， One Transit Cold Storage” and “Four Drive Linkage”. Shanghai cold-chain information traceability system and other operating mechanisms have been established， according to the guidance of “One Single Plan”. The multilevel， overall， traceable， life cycle and whole processand closed-loop control regulatory system， called “Shanghai mode of control” for imported cold-chain food has been basically formed， which would facilitate precise regulation and management of create an accurate management system for imported cold-chain foods.
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Abstract Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic benefits of Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) vulnerability after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify its potential action of mechanisms on TBIinduced injuries. Methods: The rat TBI model was performed by using a controlled cortical impact device. The BBB permeability induced by TBI was measured through Evans Blue dye superflux and western blotting or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for tight junctional proteins (TJPs). The post-TBI changes in oxidative stress markers, inflammatory response and neuron apoptosis in brain tissue were also tested. Results: Herein, the results showed that HSYA acutely attenuated BBB permeability via increasing the production of the TJPs, including occludin, claudin-1 and zonula occludens protein 24 h after TBI. Additionally, HSYA could suppress the secretion of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and also concurrently down-regulate the expression of inflammation-related Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/NF-kB) protein. These HSYA challenged changes were accompanied by the decreased TBI induced oxidative stress markers and inhibited the expression of apoptosis proteins Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9. Conclusions: Taken together, all findings suggested that HSYA (30 mg/kg) are against TBI through improving the integrity in BBB, which are associated with the antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antiapoptosis via the probable mechanism of down-regulation of the TLR4/NF-kB pathway, and its in-detail protective mechanisms are under study.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Blood-Brain Barrier , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/drug therapy , Permeability , Quinones , Chalcone/analogs & derivatives , Apoptosis , Oxidative Stress , Inflammation/drug therapyABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the effects of individual materialism, social status on victimization, and to provide a reference for the intervention of campus bullying.@*Methods@#A total of 2 597 grade 7 students representing 47 classes from 7 junior middle schools in Zhenzhou were administered with Material Values Scale, Peer Nomination Questionnaire and Victim Questionnaire. Hierarchical Linear Model was used in data analysis.@*Results@#Peer rejection(γ=0.15, P<0.01) and individual materialism(γ=0.13, P<0.01) positively predicted victimization, while popularity negatively predicted victimization(γ=-0.05, P<0.01). Class materialism norm also could positively predict victimization(γ=0.82, P<0.01). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between class materialism norm and peer rejection(γ=0.30, P<0.05), and the results of simple effect showed that with the increase of materialism level, the negative impact of peer rejection on victimization was increasing(γ high=0.18, Z high=7.80; γ low=0.12, Z low=5.50, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Peer rejection, individual materialism, popularity and class materialism norm affect individual bullying, and class materialism norm could moderate the relationship between peer rejection and victimization.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of protein kinase A (PKA) activation on aggregation funetion of platelets in vitro.@*METHODS@#The peripheral blood of healthy adults were collected, and the washed platelets were gained from collected peripheral blood. The washed platelets were treated with PKA activator Forskolin, then the platelet aggregation was induced by using Ristocetin, Thrombin, Collagen and ADP respectively, the platelet aggregation level was detected by the platelet aggregator.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the controls, 5 μmol/L forskolin significantly inhibited ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation (P＜0.001), and showed mild inhibiting effect on Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (P＜0.05). 2.5-10 μmol/L forskolin significantly inhibited ADP and Collagen -induced platelet aggregation (P＜0.001); but not showed significantly inhibitory effects on Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (P＞0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#PKA activation inhibits agonists-induced platelet aggregation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Platelets , Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases , Platelet Aggregation , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Ristocetin , ThrombinABSTRACT
The paper deals with the application of intelligentialized technology in food safety supervision, and analyzes the progress in application of the technology.By comparing with the traditional supervision mode, advantages and deficiencies of intelligentialized technology in the food safety supervision are illustrated.It is concluded that the intelligentialized technology will absolutely serve as a good way of the technical support to solve food safety problems in China in the future.
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Neck injuries caused by traffic accidents increase by years, timely and effective treatment can greatly reduce the mortality rate. This paper summarized the characteristics, image features, evoked potential detection and serum markers detection of neck injury caused by traffic accidents. Then, the condition of injuries was comprehensively considered and analyzed, and the priorities were correctly judged. The injuries were classified and treated. It is conducive for the attending doctors to carry out precise individualized first aid and surgical treatment for the patients, in order to save lives to the maximum extent, reduce disabilities, and prevent and treat post traumatic stress disorders.
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[Abstract] Objective To conduct normative analysis of the definition of psychological mobilization. Methods Normative analysis, text analysis and logic induction and deduction were used to analyze the definition of psychological mobilization. Results Psychological mobilization was included in political mobilization in law. Different methods were used in theoretical research of psychological mobilization. Psychological mobilization had been applied in wars in the past. Conclusion Psychological mobilization refers to a mobilization form that applies psychological theories and methods to influence people’s psychology in a planned, organized and step by step way, so that the mental state of the military and civilian can be changed from the normal state to the wartime state, improving the psychological adaptability of the battlefield.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of GCH1 gene mutation of close relatives marriage caused dopa reactive dystonia (DRD).Methods The data of 3 patients with DRD from the same family in our hospital and their families were analyzed.Genes related to hereditary dyskinesia in their families were detected and validated. Results In this family, the proband’s parents (Ⅲ3 and Ⅲ4) were close relatives.The proband (Ⅳ2) and her eldest daughter (Ⅴ2) and niece (Ⅴ7) were all DRD patients.All of them were young onset , mainly manifested as Parkinsonina-like symptoms and dystonia , and all responded well to dopamine therapy.Gene detection showed that the GCH1 gene had c.245T＞C (p.Leu82Pro) mutation.The second daughter (Ⅴ3), son (Ⅴ5), granddaughter (Ⅵ3) and brother (Ⅳ3) of the proband were carriers of abnormal genes.Conclusions Close relatives marriage increases the incidence of DRD.DRD may be considered in patients with a positive family history of dystonia.Gene detection is an effective diagnosis method.
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Objective To investigate the influencing factors involved in the establishment of a C57BL/6 J model of metastatic melanoma in the lung,including the way of tumor inoculation,the number of inoculated cells and the time of tumor formation. Methods Mouse melanoma B16F10 cells were cultured in vitro. 1)Eighteen healthy male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in each group received 100 μL cell suspension(including 3 ×106 melanoma cells)via intravenous,intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection,respectively. After two weeks,the mice were killed and dissected,and the tumor growth and metastasis were observed. 2)Eighteen male mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in each group were injected with 3 ×106cells,1 ×106cells, and 3 ×105cells through the tail vein,respectively. After two weeks,mice were killed and dissected,and the tumor growth and metastasis were observed. 3)Eighteen male mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in each group were injected with 1×106cells though the tail vein. Mice were killed and dissected after one week, two weeks and three weeks, respectively. The growth and metastasis of tumor were observed. Results 1)The success rate of lung metastasis was 100% in the mice with intravenous injection,but not in mice receiving intraperitoneal injection and subcutaneous injection. 2)The size of metastatic melanoma nodules were moderate in mice inoculated by 1 ×106cells. The number of melanoma metastatic foci was too high in the mice inoculated with 3 ×106cells,but too low in the mice inoculated with 3 ×105cells. 3)Significant metastatic melanoma foci were observed in the mice killed and dissected after two weeks with no death. The number of melanoma foci in the lung was too high in the mice killed after three weeks,while was too low in the mice killed at one week after tumor cell inoculation. Conclusions Intravenous injection of 1×106mouse melanoma cells into C57BL/6 J mice and killed after two weeks is an optimal method for establishment of a mouse model of metastatic melanoma in the lung, and is worth of recommendation.
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According to the clinical teaching for ophthalmology professional degree graduate students, we changed the mode of all pouring, echoing what the books say, to the point to point mode, giving effective teaching, and strengthening the cultivation of the new postgraduates. The point to point mode refers to the teaching content of point to point, the teaching mode of point to point, the teaching guidance of point to point, the teaching assessment of point to point. The content is to be refined, the teaching content is no longer entirely devoted, scripted, but choosing the classic, the key and difficult points. The mode is not limited to teaching, but to training, teaching modes include not only lecture, but also multimedia presentations, on-site teaching, guiding surgery teaching, laboratory, thesis writing training, papers report, clinical thinking and operation basic skill, medical record writing training. The guidance is not limited to time, but to having effect, the teaching guidance is not limited to the tutor, physicians at all levels having the teaching tasks, with different guarantee effect. The assessment is not just scoring, but to practice, the teaching assessment is not a piece of test paper, but the clinical skills practice, medical record writing practice, operation basic skill practice, the clinical process practice, experiment skills practice and thesis writing practice. For the professional degree graduate students, through the point to pointteaching mode, it will lay the foundation for the clinical practice better to develop a good habit of continuous learning, self learning, lifelong learning, for their future knowledge update, for their future career life.
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Obstructive nephropathy ultimately leads to end-stage renal failure. Renovascular lesions are involved in various nephropathies, and most renal diseases have an ischemic component that underlies the resulting renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphological changes occur in the renal vasculature in hydronephrosis and the possible mechanisms involved. A model of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) was used. Experimental animals were divided into five groups: a normal control group (N) and groups of animals at 1st week (O1), 2nd week (O2), 4th week (O4) and 8th week (O8) after CUUO. Blood pressure was measured, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were assessed quantitatively, and renovascular three-dimensional reconstruction was performed on all groups. Glomerular ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in the obstructed groups (O1, O2, O4 and O8). Three-dimensional reconstruction showed sparse arterial trees in the O8 group, and a tortuous and sometimes ruptured glomerular basement membrane was found in the O4 and O8 groups. Furthermore, epithelial media thickness and media/lumen ratio were increased, lumen diameters were decreased, and the cross-sectional area of the media was unaltered in the segmental renal artery, interlobar artery and afferent arterioles, respectively. In conclusion, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were dramatically altered following CUUO and the changes may be partially ascribed to vascular remodeling. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of renovascular morphological alterations will enable the development of potential therapeutic approaches for hydronephrosis.
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AIM@#To investigate the anticancer activity of DT-13 under normoxia and determine the underlying mechanisms of action.@*METHODS@#MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion were performed to assess the anticancer activity of DT-13, a saponin from Ophiopogon japonicus, in vitro. In addition, the effects of DT-13 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo were evaluated by orthotopic implantation of MDA-MB-435 cells into nude mice; mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR; and CCR5 protein levels were detected by Western blot assay.@*RESULTS@#At 0.01 to 1 μmol·L(-1), DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion significantly in vitro. DT-13 reduced VEGF and CCR5 mRNAs, and decreased CCR5 protein expression by down-regulating HIF-1α. In addition, DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell lung metastasis, and restricted tumor growth slightly in vivo.@*CONCLUSION@#DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo by reducing VEGF, CCR5, and HIF-1α expression.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Breast Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , CCR5 Receptor Antagonists , Cell Adhesion , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Liriope Plant , Chemistry , Mice, Nude , Plant Tubers , Chemistry , Receptors, CCR5 , Genetics , Metabolism , Saponins , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
AIM@#To investigate the effect of DT-13 on gastric cancer cell migration, and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-metastasis activity of DT-13.@*METHODS@#Growth inhibition of DT-13 was analyzed by the MTT assay. Cell migration was measured by the scratch-wound assay and transwell double chamber assay. To investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-metastasis activity of DT-13, chemokine receptors that are involved in cancer metastasis (CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR4, and CXCR6) were detected by conventional PCR. The effect of DT-13 on CCR5 and CXCR4 expression was further evaluated by quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The secretion of CCL5 (ligand of CCR5) and SDF-1 (ligand of CXCR4) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).@*RESULTS@#DT-13 inhibited BGC-823 and HGC-27 cell growth in a dose dependent manner, and the estimated IC50 value for 24 h treatment was 23.5 ± 5.1 μmol·L(-1) for BGC-823 cells and 35.6 ± 7.6 μmol·L(-1) for HGC-27 cells. DT-13 also significantly decreased gastric cancer cell migration. DT-13 significantly decreased the gene expression of CCR5 in both BGC-823 and HGC-27 gastric cancer cells, and moderately reduced the expression of CXCR4. Similar to the results of gene expression, significant down-regulation of CCR5 protein was observed, but CXCR4 protein levels were much less affected. CCL5 secretion, but not SDF-1 production, was inhibited by DT-13.@*CONCLUSION@#DT-13 inhibited gastric cancer cell migration by down-regulation of the CCR5-CCL5 axis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Cell Movement , Chemokine CCL5 , Down-Regulation , Neoplasm Metastasis , Drug Therapy , Receptors, CCR5 , Saponins , Pharmacology , Stomach Neoplasms , Pathology , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
The effects of genetic factors on the noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) are still unclear. In the present study, eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) included rs1227049 and rs3802711 (CDH23), rs1695 (GSTP1), rs137852540 (GJB2), rs2289274 (PMCA2), rs4880 (SOD2), rs7943316, and rs769214 within CAT that might associated with NIHL were further validated in Chinese workers. The results showed that the carriers of the T allele (AT+TT) of rs7943316 and A allele (GA+AA) of rs769214, were significantly associated with an increased risk of NIHL compared to those with AA genotype (P<0.05) and GG genotype (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant three-locus model (P=0.0107) involving rs2016520, rs9794, and rs1805192 were observed that might associated with NIHL, with 53.95% of testing accuracy. Thus, our present study provided the evidence that GJB2, SOD2, and CAT genes might account for the NIHL development in independently and/or in an interactive manner.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Asian People , Genetics , Case-Control Studies , Catalase , Genetics , China , Connexin 26 , Connexins , Genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced , Genetics , Superoxide Dismutase , GeneticsABSTRACT
Obstructive nephropathy ultimately leads to end-stage renal failure. Renovascular lesions are involved in various nephropathies, and most renal diseases have an ischemic component that underlies the resulting renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphological changes occur in the renal vasculature in hydronephrosis and the possible mechanisms involved. A model of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) was used. Experimental animals were divided into five groups: a normal control group (N) and groups of animals at 1st week (O1), 2nd week (O2), 4th week (O4) and 8th week (O8) after CUUO. Blood pressure was measured, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were assessed quantitatively, and renovascular three-dimensional reconstruction was performed on all groups. Glomerular ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in the obstructed groups (O1, O2, O4 and O8). Three-dimensional reconstruction showed sparse arterial trees in the O8 group, and a tortuous and sometimes ruptured glomerular basement membrane was found in the O4 and O8 groups. Furthermore, epithelial media thickness and media/lumen ratio were increased, lumen diameters were decreased, and the cross-sectional area of the media was unaltered in the segmental renal artery, interlobar artery and afferent arterioles, respectively. In conclusion, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were dramatically altered following CUUO and the changes may be partially ascribed to vascular remodeling. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of renovascular morphological alterations will enable the development of potential therapeutic approaches for hydronephrosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Blood Pressure , Disease Models, Animal , Glomerular Basement Membrane , Pathology , Hydronephrosis , Pathology , Renal Artery , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Radiation is an important cause of delayed wound healing, and there still exist many questions regarding the patterns and mechanisms of wound healing. This study investigated the characteristics of wound healing after varying doses of local radiation and explored possible causes of the delay in healing caused by radiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A full-thickness dorsal longitudinal skin tissue, 2 cm in diameter, was excised after local irradiation on one side of the back of swine, and the other side was wounded as a control. The size of the wound area was recorded every two days after injury. Pathological changes, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, immunohisto- chemistry) and apoptosis levels (TUNEL assay) were measured at different time points after wounding.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The course of wound healing can be divided into four phases, namely: the arresting phase, the healing priming phase, the fast healing phase, and the healed phase. Although the total wound healing time was closely correlated to the dose of irradiation (R(2) equal to 0.9758), it was more dependent on the length of the arresting phase (R(2) equal to 0.9903) because once the arresting phase ended, the wound healed at a similar speed regardless of radiation doses. Pathological analysis showed that compared with the control side there were more necrotic tissues, slower epithelial crawling, as well as fewer blood vessels and cellular components in the irradiated side at the arresting phase, while other phases revealed no significant difference concerning these measurements. Immunohistochemistry showed that the irradiated wounds had significantly less PCNA-positive and more TUNEL-positive labeling of cells in the arresting phase than in other phases. Moreover, the changes were positively related to the radiation doses, but there was no obvious difference in cell proliferation or apoptosis among the healing priming phase, fast healing phase or healed phase, whether on the control side or on the irradiated side.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>After local irradiation, the length of the arresting phase determines the wound healing time. Increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation might be an important reason for the formation of the arresting phase.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Skin , Soft Tissue Injuries , Swine , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Currently, about 300 million people worldwide are affected by asthma. Most of these sufferers inhale immunosuppressants (ie corticosteroids) and beta-adrenergic receptor agonists for their asthma treatment. However, about 5%-10% of patients of asthma have poor response to such treatment. Investigation of kinase signaling pathway and nuclear transcription factor as a target molecule in the treatment of allergic asthma has been the concern of scholars home and abroad. This paper reviewed inhibitors of kinase signaling pathway and nuclear transcription factors for the treatment of asthma.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Asthma , Drug Therapy , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase , Protein Kinase Inhibitors , Therapeutic Uses , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases , Metabolism , Signal Transduction , Transcription FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between decreased ligand binding activity of glucocoid receptor (GR) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), the molecular chaperone of GR, after acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In mouse models of oleic acid-induced ALI, the levels of GR, Hsp90 and Hsp70 were dynamically observed using Western blotting, and the binding capacity and binding affinity of GR assessed with radioligand binding assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After ALI, pulmonary edema was significantly aggravated in the mice with significantly increased lung body index and lung water ratio. GR increased within 1 h after the injury, but then decreased significantly to the lowest level at 12 h after the injury, and the levels of Hsp90 and Hsp70 was increased obviously and reached the highest at 12 h. Radioligand binding assay showed that the Bmax decreased gradually and Kd value increased, and these changes were consistent with the changes of Hsp90/GR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ligand binding activity of GR is related to the changes of Hsp90 after ALI.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Acute Lung Injury , Metabolism , Binding Sites , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins , Metabolism , HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins , Metabolism , Oleic Acid , Radioligand Assay , Random Allocation , Receptors, Glucocorticoid , MetabolismABSTRACT
Recently, activation of the adenosine A2A receptors has been shown to exert protection against peripheral tissue injuries but aggravation in the central nervous system (CNS) injuries. To explore the different effects of adenosine A2A receptors and try to perform some new treatment strategies for peripheral tissue and CNS traumas, we constructed the mouse models of skin trauma, skin combined radiation-impaired wound and traumatic brain injury (TBI), respectively. Wild type mice and A2A receptor gene knockout mice were both used in the experiments. In skin trauma and combined radiation-impaired wound models, the time of wound healing was observed, while in TBI model, neurological deficit scores, water content in injured brain and glutamate concentration in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were detected at 24 h after TBI. The results showed that in skin trauma and combined radiation-impaired wound models, CGS21680 (an agonist of the A2A receptors) promoted while A2A receptor gene knockout delayed the course of skin wound healing. On the contrary, in TBI model, A2A receptor gene knockout, not CGS21680, showed a protective role by inhibition of glutamate release. These data further indicate that promoting glutamate release may account for the different effects of A2A receptor activation in CNS injury and peripheral tissue injury models. These findings may provide some experimental evidence and a new strategy for clinical treatment of peripheral tissue damages by agonists of A2A receptors, while treatment of CNS injuries by antagonists of A2A receptors.